12 Apr · Depression Education

Depression: Understanding the Signs and Symptoms

Depression is a common and debilitating mental health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterised by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness and a lack of interest in activities that were once enjoyable. Depression can also cause physical symptoms such as fatigue, appetite changes, disrupted sleep and difficulty concentrating.

Signs and Symptoms of Depression

• Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness and worthlessness
• Loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyable
• Changes in appetite and sleep patterns
• Fatigue and low energy
• Difficulty concentrating and making decisions
• Thoughts of death or suicide

Current Treatment Options

• Antidepressant medication: Helps regulate serotonin, norepinephrine and other chemicals linked to mood.
• Psychotherapy: Builds coping skills, insight and new habits that counter negative thought patterns.
• Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): A hospital-based procedure for severe cases that do not respond to other treatments.
• Light therapy: Supports circadian rhythms and mood regulation through scheduled bright-light exposure.
• Exercise: Regular movement improves neurochemistry, sleep and self-esteem.
• Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS): A non-invasive treatment that stimulates mood circuits when medication alone is insufficient.

Current Research on Depression

• Brain imaging studies are revealing how depression alters neural networks.
• Combination therapy (medication plus psychotherapy) often delivers the strongest outcomes.
• New biological treatments such as advanced TMS protocols and ketamine are under investigation.

Depression is treatable, and there are many options available for individuals seeking help. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms, please speak with a mental health professional. With the right support and treatment, people living with depression can lead fulfilling and productive lives.